GCSE Psychology 9-1

Psychology 9-1 GCSE - 6.2.1 - Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961) Transmission of Aggression through Imitation of Aggressive Models: Aims -  To investigate if social behaviour can be acquired by observation and imitation. Procedures -  There was a control group with no model shown, a group with an aggressive model, and one with a non-aggressive model. Each group had 24 children in it. 12 boys and 12 girls. Results -  Children who observed in the aggressive model were a lot more likely to imitate aggressive responses. Boys were more likely to imitate same sex models than girls. Boys were more physically aggressive than girls. Girls showed more physical aggression if the model was male, but more verbal if they were female. Conclusions -  The findings support Bandura's social learning theory. Children learn social behaviour such as aggression through the process of observational learning. Strengths -  It all...

Psychology 9-1 GCSE -  6.1.1 - Understand learning theories as an explanation of criminality, including strengths and weaknesses of each theory: Operant Conditioning (Skinner, 1948) - a) Positive Reinforcement -  This strengthens behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding. He used a rat in a box to prove this with a lever that released food. b) Negative Reinforcement -  The removal of an unpleasant reinforce can also strengthen behavior. This is known as negative reinforcement because it is the removal of adverse stimulus.  c) Positive Punishment -  Positive punishment removes a positive reinforce to weaken a response.  d) Negative Punishment -  This is applying an unpleasant stimulus to weaken a response. e) Primary Reinforcers -  There is no learning necessary for these to be reinforcing. These are things like eating, sleeping etc. f) Secondary Reinforcers -  This ...