GCSE Psychology 9-1

Psychology 9-1 GCSE -  1.3.1 - Understand morality issues in psychology and the individual, including: a) The terms 'morality' and 'moral(s)' -  Morality - Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. Morals - A lesson that can be derived from a story or experience. Standards of behavior principles of right and wrong. b) Pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional stages of morality -  Pre-conventional morality - At this level (most nine year olds and younger), we don't have a personal code of morality. Our moral code is shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules. Conventional morality - (Most adolescents and adults) we begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models. The norms are based on the group a person belongs to. Post-conventional morality - This is based on self chosen principles and moral reasoning based...

Psychology 9-1 GCSE -  1.2.1 -  Piaget and Inhelder (1956) Three mountains task: Aims -  To see at what age children are no longer egocentric. Procedures -  A child sits at a table with a model of three mountains - one big, two smaller ones. The child can sit either in front of the model or at another angle. The researcher then places a doll in different positions in the model. Then, the child is shown 10 pictures of the mountains taken at different positions and asked to pick the picture that shows what the doll would see. If the child chose the correct picture Piaget would assume they were not egocentric. Findings -  Found that 4 year olds always chose the picture that showed what they could see. But at 7 children pointed out the dolls point of view. Conclusion -  At around 7 years old, the child is no longer egocentric in where they can see more than their own perspectives. Strengths -  This test was revolutiona...

Psychology 9-1 GCSE 1.1.3 -  Understand the effects of learning on development using Carol Dweck’s mindset theory, including strengths and weaknesses of the theory: a) Fixed Mindset -  Being set in certain ways of thinking and reacting to things like challenges, failure and criticism. Such as someone having the attitude that they can's solve something instead of persevering to solve it. b) Growth Mindset - Having a mindset that propels them to make effort in order to succeed in the face of failure. If someone with a fixed mindset failed at something they would give up and go find something easier to do whilst someone with a growth mindset would take it as an opportunity to improve themselves. c) Ability and effort -  Your ability is defined by the things you have the power and mental capability to complete. People with a fixed mindset often take ability as something that can not be expanded on or improved, but it can be improved with effort. Effo...

Psychology 9-1 GCSE 1.1.2 -  Understand the role of education and intelligence, including Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, and the four stages of cognitive development, including strengths and weaknesses of the theory: a) Sensorimotor -  This is the first stage of development in Piagets theory. It usually ranges between the ages 0 and 2. In this stage the child develops their sensory and motor skills by interacting with other children and their environment. b) Preoperational -  This is the second stage of development and ranges between ages 2 and 6. Children at this stage become increasingly able to internally represent events. They start to properly talk, engage in symbolic play and manipulate symbols.  c) Concrete Operational -  This is the third stage and ranges from ages 7 to 11. This marks the beginning of logical or operational thought. They start to comprehend and understand relativity. This means they start to work things out ...

Psychology 9-1 GCSE 1.1.1 - Understand early brain development, including the development of: a) Forebrain - Also called the proencephalon, the forebrain is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum (white matter). The surfaces of the hemispheres are made up of grey matter called the cerebral cortex. Your cortex has roles in perception, memory and all higher thought processes. Both hemispheres are split into 4 lobes (frontal, perietal, occipital, temporal). In the brain region there are three structures; thalamus, hypothalamus and pituary.  Thalamus is for organizing sensory information.  Hypothalamus is in charge of your endocrine system which transports hormones.  It also controls thermal regulation (your internal temperature).  Pituitary also helps control the endocrine system b) Midbrain - The midbrain serves as a vital connection point between the forebrain and the...